in addition , the rank of former zakko people was not changed from the citizen to zakko again , as is obvious from the fact that zakkoseki was not prepared after the tenpyo-shoho era , thus they are thought in fact to have served government offices within the scope of zoyo defined under the ritsuryo codes even when requisitioned (this can also be assumed from the subsequent treatment of umakai which followed the similar emancipation process .) しかも旧雑戸の人々は身分的に公民から雑戸に戻された訳ではない事は天平勝宝年間以後に雑戸籍が作成された事実が無いことからも明らかであり、旧雑戸の人々が徴用されたとしても、実際には律令で定められた雑徭の範疇で官司に奉仕したと考えられる（これは同様の解放経過を辿った馬飼のその後の待遇からも推定できる）。
